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An Internet protocol camera, or IP camera, is a type of digital video camera commonly employed for surveillance, and which, unlike analog closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras, can send and receive data via a computer network and the Internet. Although most cameras that do this are webcams, the term "IP camera" or "netcam" is usually applied only to those used for surveillance. The first centralized IP camera was Axis Neteye 200, released in 1996 by Axis Communications. There are two kinds of IP cameras: * Centralized IP cameras, which require a central network video recorder (NVR) to handle the recording, video and alarm management. * Decentralized IP cameras, which do not require a central NVR, as the cameras have recording function built-in and can thus record directly to any standard storage media, such as SD cards, NAS (network attached storage) or a PC/server. ==History== The first centralized IP camera was released in 1996 by Axis Communications.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.axis.com/corporate/about/history.htm )〕 It was called the Axis Neteye 200 and was developed by the team of Martin Gren and Carl-Axel Alm. It used a custom web server internal to the camera. In late 1999, the company started using embedded Linux to operate its cameras. Axis also released documentation for its low-level API called "VAPIX", which builds on the open standards of HTTP and real time streaming protocol (RTSP). This open architecture was intended to encourage third-party software manufacturers to develop compatible management and recording software. The first decentralized IP camera was released in 1999 by Mobotix. The camera's Linux system contained video, alarm, and recording management function, thus the camera system did not require licensed video management software to manage the recording event, or video management. The first IP camera with onboard video content analytics (VCA) was released in 2005 by Intellio. This camera was able to detect a number of different events, such as if an object was stolen, a human crossed a line, a human entered a predefined zone, or if a car moved in the wrong direction. IP cameras are available at resolutions from 0.3 (VGA resolution) to 29 megapixels.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://avigilon.com/press-tools/press-releases/avigilon-launches-powerful-29-mp-hd-surveillance-camera/ )〕 As in the consumer TV business, in the early 21st century, there has been a shift towards high-definition video resolutions, e.g. 720p or 1080i and 16:9 widescreen format. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「IP camera」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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